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Confined Space Rescue Teams - In-House or Outside?
Copyright (c) 2010-2023 Rathi Niyogi
When you have permit-required confined spaces at your facility, you are required to establish procedures for how a worker is rescued from the space in the event of an injury or accident. Basically, there are two options for rescue: use in-house personnel to rescue the worker by entering the confined space and use outside emergency personnel to rescue workers. (A third option, rescuing the workers in a confined space using in-house personnel who do not enter the space is can also be utilized. However, since, should they fail, another rescue option would need to be employed, it is really a subset of these two.)
Points To Consider
Utilizing an in-house rescue team for confined space rescue involves significant time, effort, and resources. For that reason, it is important to carefully consider whether or not you want to have an in-house rescue team (or even if, given circumstances and resource limitation, whether you are able to) or outside emergency services. Here are some things to consider when deciding what type of rescue team is appropriate:
Outside rescue services:
What response time will be required? If you have confined spaces that include IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health) atmospheres, it will require a much quicker response time (one which, in effect, requires that a rescue team be standing by outside the space) than a space that only has mechanical hazards.
How quickly can outside services reach your facility? If you're fortunate enough to be located immediately adjacent to a fire station that is staffed 24/7, then it makes your decision to use outside services much easier. Most facilities aren't that lucky. You need to consider how close outside emergency services are, average response time, and staffing-volunteer services are likely to take a few minutes more to arrive than a services dispatching from a regularly staffed station. If outside services cannot meet the response time needed for rescue, then you will need to develop your own in-house team.
Is the outside service willing to provide confined space rescue at your facility? Particularly in times of tight budgets, training for emergency services may not be adequate to perform appropriate confined space rescue, and they may not be able to take on the additional training (and possible equipment purchase) to provide confined space rescue that is specific to your facility. OSHA has indicated that an employer may not rely on a rescuer who has declined to provide rescue services.
If you do select an outside service for confined space rescue, it is incumbent upon you as the employer to contact the service and ensure that they meet OSHA requirements (training, equipment, etc.) for confined space rescue.
Inside rescue services:
How will you staff the rescue team? If you use an in-house rescue team, you need to know who will be on that team. Can you break those workers free from their work when there is an emergency quickly enough to make a timely rescue? Do you have multiple shifts where confined space entry takes place and can you ensure that you have the appropriate rescue personnel are available on all of those shifts?
Are you willing to commit to training the rescue team? Rescue teams need to know far more than simple confined space entry. They need to know how to enter all of the types of confined spaces on your facility, including those that may have IDLH atmospheres; rescue techniques for each of the confined spaces on your facility; medical evaluation of an injured worker and first aid; and proper "packaging" of an injured worker for transport out of a confined space. Training also needs to include hands-on practice with the rescue equipment they will use in a space or spaces (or similar spaces) where they will perform rescues and needs to be regularly refreshed to ensure the team maintains its skills.
Are you willing to commit to purchasing the appropriate rescue equipment? Rescue equipment specific for your situation, such as winches, monitoring equipment, and personal protective equipment (PPE) such as airline respirators with escape bottles or SCBA (self-contained breathing apparatus) need to be available for the rescue team. Once purchased, the equipment needs to be properly maintained so that it is immediately available in the event of an emergency.
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