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Odors From Hidden Mold And Your Health
Copyright (c) 2008-2012 Daryl Watters
It is a well known fact that many man made volatile organic compounds such as benzene, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, and formaldehyde to name a few not only have scary names, but can have scary health effects and can contribute to indoor air quality problems such as sick building syndrome and other IAQ problems.
Mold odors are also made of volatile organic compounds. Volatile organic compounds produced by mold include chemicals similar to alcohols, aldehydes, amines, ketones and many more.
When volatile organic compounds are produced by mold or bacteria we stop calling them volatile organic compounds and refer to them as microbial volatile organic compounds. (mVOCs)
Mold odors or mVOC’s are typically over looked as a source of health complaints by many mold inspectors who look for spores as the only source of potential health problems. Other inspectors are concerned about the health effects of controversial toxins produced by toxic black mold. Many untrained mold inspectors will enter your home do a quick inspection and take one or two air samples and e mail you a lab report a week later. Because visible mold was not obvious and the lab report you receive states that spore levels indoors are low, these inspectors will conclude that you do not have a mold problem, and that your health problems are not related to mold in your home.
They do not seem to consider the fact that mold may be hidden in your property, and they fail to realize that hidden molds can produce other dangerous components such as mVOCs or (mold odors) even when not releasing spores.
In this firms experience inspecting for mold in South Florida’s Palm Beach, Dade, and Broward Counties from 2003 to the present there is a very strong correlation between mold odors and health complaints. For example this inspector has investigated numerous cases where mold odors were produced inside AC units, on inside walls and people became ill.
It appears unlikely that the illness is the result of spores because mold inside AC units, and ducts, inside walls, or under thick wall paper, often do not produces elevated spore levels. Thus the symptoms are not likely related to exposure to non volatile allergens in the mold spores, nor to non volatile heavy toxins in the mold spores, but to the light weight highly volatile organic chemicals evaporating from the spores and escaping into the air. The word volatile refers to the fact that a compound evaporates into air easily at room temperature.
It appears unlikely that the odor produced a psychosomatic (imagined reaction) because people living in areas with these mold odors sometimes do not notice the odors till the inspector removes an electrical outlet cover plate for inner wall sampling and the client stands a foot away from the cover plate, other times the client never noticed the odor till the inspector tells the client to stand in a specific spot, (directly under an AC vent). Such odors are often obvious to this inspector because of experience with them. In most cases the odor has been noticed by the client but was always barely noticeable.
Sometimes the molds are trapped and cannot release spores into the air, in other cases the mold is growing vegetative, this means that it sees no need to waste metabolic energy on the biologically expensive act of spore production so it simply grows via branching out to surrounding areas. This is very common with Cladosporium mold that are found producing odors in moldy AC units and ducts. Though the mold and spores may not register when an air sample is taken, odors that are often only perceptible to a trained nose are often present in the very room where health complaints are concentrated, this correlation is very strong in this inspectors experience.
In this inspectors experience health complaints related to mold odor include headaches, allergy symptoms, and increases in the occurrence of sinus infections, and even asthma development, the inspector has seen this connection hundreds of times.
After years of noticing this correlation I started to find information on the internet to support these observations. Please note that the legal and health implications are powerful, even in the lack of elevated spore levels building occupants can still become ill from mold.
Samples of mold odor can be taken for quantitative and qualitative analysis by accredited labs using proven and advanced methods of analysis. Samples are taken using thermal desorption tubes or summa canisters. Prism Analytical labs AKA PATI is one of the few labs that specializes in not just voc analysis but also microbial volatile compound analysis.
Do not rely on my observations, also see what academic and government mold experts say about this often overlooked issue.
( Otto et al., 1989) Apparently Otto was years ahead of his time.
Exposure to volatile organic compounds may result in irritation to the eyes and the respiratory system. Volatile organic compounds and moldy pungent odors can also initiate avoidance reactions from the trigeminal nerve such as breath holding and discomfort.
Environmental Protection Agency Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (mVOCs)
some compounds produced by molds are volatile and are released directly into the air. These are known as microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs). Because these compounds often have strong and/or unpleasant odors, they can be the source of odors associated with molds. Exposure to mVOCs from molds has been linked to symptoms such as headaches, nasal irritation, dizziness, fatigue, and nausea. Research on MVOCs is still in the early phase.
Damp Indoor Spaces and Health (2004) Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention (HPDP )Institute of Medicine (IOM )
The committee found sufficient evidence of an association between exposure to damp indoor environments and some respiratory health outcomes: upper respiratory tract (nasal and throat) symptoms, cough, wheeze, and asthma symptoms in sensitized asthmatic persons. Epidemiologic studies also indicate that there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the presence of mold (otherwise unspecified) indoors is associated with upper respiratory symptoms, cough, wheeze, asthma symptoms in sensitized asthmatic persons, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (a relatively rare immune-mediated condition) in susceptible persons.
From Environmental Health Perspectives - Airborne Mold and Endotoxin Concentrations in New Orleans, Louisiana, after Flooding, October through November 2005Mold.
Filamentous microfungi (mold) can threaten human health through release of spores that become airborne and can be inhaled. Some molds produce metabolites (mycotoxins) that can initiate a toxic response in humans or other vertebrates (Robbins et al. 2000). Repeated exposure to significant quantities of fungal material can result in respiratory irritation or allergic sensitization in some individuals (Bush et al. 2006). Sensitized individuals may subsequently respond to much lower concentrations of airborne fungal materials. Of the thousands of types of fungal spores found in indoor and outdoor environments, adverse health effects in humans have most frequently been associated with Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Stachybotrys (Hossain et al. 2004; Jarvis and Miller 2005; O'Driscoll et al. 2005; Stark et al. 2003).
(Jaakkola et al. 2005).
The health effects of exposure to mold in the indoor environment have been extensively studied (Belanger et al. 2003; A more recent large population-based prospective cohort study found that the presence of mold odor in the home was associated with a 2.4-fold increased incidence rate of asthma among children.
Study: Mold in Homes Doubles Risk of Asthma Report in Environmental Health Perspectives Finds Children Residing in Damp Homes at Risk for Developing Asthma
Exposure to mold and dampness in homes as much as doubles the risk of asthma development in children, according to a study published today in the March issue of the peer-reviewed journal Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP). In fact, children living in homes with mold odor during the initial study period were more than twice as likely to develop asthma in the following 6 years.
Damp Indoor Spaces and Health may 2004
This book by the Institute of Medicine examines the health impact of exposures resulting from damp indoor environments and offers recommendations for public health interventions.
A comprehensive literature review finds sufficient evidence of an association between damp indoor environments and some upper respiratory tract symptoms, cough, wheeze, and asthma symptoms in sensitized persons.
State Health Dept- What are microbial volatile organic compounds?
Another source of irritation from mold exposure comes from substances known as microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs). These compounds are produced through fungal metabolism and are released directly into the air, often giving off strong or unpleasant odors. Exposure to mVOCs from molds can irritate the eyes and respiratory system and has been linked to symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nasal irritation and nausea.
Respected Allergy Related Website - Volatile Compounds
(VOC'S) produced by mold are thought to cause headache, attention deficit, inability to concentrate, and dizziness.
Respected Allergy Related Website - Adverse Reactions to Odor
Odors produced by molds may also adversely affect some individuals. Some people derive enjoyment from odors of all kinds. Others may respond with headache, nasal stuffiness, nausea or even vomiting to certain odors including various perfumes, cigarette smoke, diesel exhaust or moldy odors. Asthmatics may respond to odors with symptoms.
Author
Harriet M. Ammann is a senior toxicologist for Washington State Department of Health, Office of Environmental Health Assessments. She provides support to a variety of environmental health programs including ambient and indoor air programs.
Respected National Mold Remediation Chain - Why do molds give off musty odors?
The musty odors produced by molds are known by scientists as Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds. Health effects such as headaches, dizziness and nausea have been linked to exposure to mVOCs.
Mold Law Website - Mold Irritations
Volatile Compounds found in or around homes can be responsible for mucous membrane irritants. It is thought that fungi can add to the already existing compounds when breaking down certain organic substances. A mold-contaminated building may have a significant contribution from its fungal contaminants that is added to common VOC's---building materials, paints, plastics and cleaners. VOC's in general can result in symptoms that include lowered attention span, headaches, lack of concentration, and dizziness.
Reaction to Mold Odors
Some individuals have very strong reactions to the smells given off by molds. Among humans, there is a high degree of variation in ability to detect these odors. Certain individuals can detect low levels of VOC's, while others can only detect relatively high levels.
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