|
Training for Book Authors
|
|
|
Other Resources for Book Authors & Publishers
|
|
|
Please Support Our Advertisers
|
|
|
|
|
|
History of the Cherry Tree
Copyright (c) 2006-2023 Patrick Malcolm
There are only a few instances in the ancient historical record concerning cherry trees. This absence in the record perhaps resulted in the fragile nature and perishability of the fruit, unlike the fruit from the apple tree. There are strong suggestions that the cherry tree originated in the territories of Asia Minor near the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. Other suggestions that the cherry trees were used in the Greek and Roman cultures come from literary historians, and it appears that cherry wood from the trees of cherry was important in many professional applications for the ancients.
Among the fruit seeds that were sent in 1628 to the settlement at Plymouth, Massachusetts, by the Massachusetts bay Colony were cherry, peach , plum, filbert, apple, quince, and pomegranate and "according to accounts, they sprung up and flourished."
William Bartram found bird cherry, Prunus padus, growing near Augusta, Georgia in 1773 as reported in his book, Travels, when he was taking an inventory of plants growing in the South after the Spaniards abandoned and ceded the land to the English.
Luther Burbank, two centuries later, believed that the bird cherry should be incorporated into the parentage of future cherry hybrids, because it was the most cold hardy cherry known; with its heavy bearing characteristics and its immunity to most insect and disease problems of the cherry trees already in commercial pipelines, it was the hardiest cherry tree yet.
In 1847, Henderson Lewelling brought to Oregon in a covered wagon "cherry trees, apples, pear, plum, and quince."
Luther Burbank, in his extensive book, Fruit Improvement in 1922, combined characteristics from the Sand cherry tree, Prunus besseyi, with the American plum, Prunus chickasaw, and the Japanese plum, Prunus triflora, that ripened in California around mid-August. Burbank described the fruit as deep crimson in color, transparent flesh, rich sweet flavor, juicy and firm with a strong resemblance of the parental form of the American plum, Prunus chickasaw. This cherry-plum hybrid was able to withstand the cold and rigorous climatic conditions, even to the Dakotas.
Professor N.E. Hansen of the South Dakota Experiment Station developed and improved the Sand cherry, Prunus besseyi, that was marketed as the "Improved Dwarf Rocky Mountain Cherry," with fruit growing as large as the Richmond cherry. Luther Burbank argued in his 1922 book, Fruit Improvement page 149, that this Sand cherry tree was more truly a plum tree.
Cherries are usually marketed with the stem still attached to the fruit. When canned or preserved, the stems are customarily removed from the cherry. Hybridizers such as Luther Burbank concentrated on improving several characteristics that were important in marketing the fruit: the size, color, flavor, and sweetness. Burbank produced one cultivar so rich in sugar and it hung on the tree, instead of the rapid decay, after ripening on the tree as experienced with most cherry cultivars.
Cold hardiness was considered to be very important in cherry tree hybridization and Burbank used the bird cherry, Prunus pennsylvanica, that had withstood temperatures of negative 60 degrees Fahrenheit near Hudson Bay as one parent of the cherry hybrid, since it was considered to be the most cold hardy of all cherry trees. In considering the many disease and insect problems that cherries experienced, Burbank suggested that hybridizers concentrate on breeding immunity genes into cherries to bypass "spraying and gassing." Burbank is greatly admired for his strong environmental stand by modern day conservationists.
The common wild black cherry, Prunus serotina, is found growing in most of Eastern North America. The small cherries are grown in great abundance and are reliably produced in large crops, even in the coldest regions of the United States. There are efforts to hybridize the desirable genes of this cherry into existing clones of commercial cherry cultivars. The problem with this native cherry tree is that all parts of the tree and fruit contain the deadly toxin cyanogens, which have caused death and illness to children from cyanide poisoning in the fruit, even though birds don't appear to be affected from eating the fruit.
Cherry trees in orchard situations grow 10 to 15 feet tall to manage the fruit harvesting properly, even though the can grow to 30 feet if not pruned. Cherry trees are very cold hardy down to negative 20 degrees Fahrenheit, and require approximately one thousand or more chill hours for an abundant fruit set. Pollination is not a great problem with cherry tree production. Rootstock selection for cherry trees is "Mazzard," Prunus mahaleb, or "Gisela" or the recent Geissen, German rootstocks.
The principal cherry commercial fruits grown in the United States are the sour cherries, Prunus cerasus L., that make up 99% of all production. These cherries are important in baking cherry pies and cherry tarts, as well as in frozen fruit packs or in canning.
The most famous sour cherry is the "Maraschino" cherry that is used in cherry pies, cakes, juices, jams, jellies, mixed drinks, ice cream, and a host of other ways. This cherry is bright red in color and commonly seen on grocery store shelves in clear glass jars and bottles.
Sweet cherry cultivars, Prunus avium L., are increasingly in demand and sold at U.S. markets. Bing cherries are well known as a fresh fruit item. This cherry is dark purple-red and is firm and has excellent shipping qualities. Other important sweet cherries are 'Napoleon' and 'Ranier,' a USDA release that is bright red with yellow undertones in the background. The Lambert cherry is good to use in canning as is the Stella. The Black Tartarian cherry is a sweet cherry commonly available from mailorder and internet catalogs.
Cherries are rated high in antioxidant levels that offer great health benefits such as treating Gout. Many internet sites promote fresh cherry consumption as being the miracle cure and fast recovery from attacks of Gout. Some internet sites offer concentrated cherry extracts and powders of dried cherries as a cure. Cherries offer other health benefits in their high content of Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin C, Niacin, and the minerals Calcium, Phosphorus, Iron, and Potassium.
Japanese flowering cherry trees are the most widely adapted and popular flowering tree growing in the United States today. The multi-colored flowers of Yoshino cherry, Prunux x yodoensis, and Kwanzan cherry are seen early in the season, and the buds open into clusters of abundant, long lasting flowers that dominate the landscape of our nation's capitol , Washington, D.C. Japanese flowering cherry trees Prunus serrulata 'Kwanzan' were planted in Washington D.C. as a gift of the Japanese people to American citizens, largely through the efforts of President Taft's wife, the first lady. Thousands of these Japanese cherry trees were planted, and many tourists flock to the Capitol in the spring to experience that flowering extravaganza. Cherry blossom festivals, celebrations, and get-togethers are held yearly in cities throughout the country, when cherry trees are in flower to crown "Cherry Queens" and to schedule beauty pageants.
The most popular Japanese flowering cherry trees are Prunus serrulata 'Kwanzan'; Akebono Cherry, Prunus x yedoensis 'Akebono'; Weeping Japenese Cherry, Prunus subhirtella var. pendula; Takesimensis cherry, Prunus takesimensis; Usuzeumi Cherry, Prunus spachiana f. ascendens; Autumn Flowering Cherry, Prunus subhirtella var. autumnalis; Sargent Cherry, Prunus sargentii; Fugenzo Cherry, Prunus serrulata 'Fugenzo' and Okame Cherry, Prunus 'Okame'.
|
Written by: Patrick Malcolm. Learn more about various trees by visiting the author's website: http://www.tytyga.com
|
VOTE ON THIS ARTICLE
Needs Work >>
0 -
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
5
<< Excellent Article
Tell our authors what you think about their article.
|
Top-Level Category: Nature and Pets Articles || Related Categories: Education Articles and Home and Garden Articles
10 Most Recent Articles Written by Patrick Malcolm
Palm Trees Suitable For Containers Used Outside And Inside Your Home Or Office
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2007-05-25 |
Word Count: 782 |
Page Views: 8146
| Votes: 7 |
Rating: 2.14
If there is ever anything you want to know about Palm trees, then
read this article as we look at the various Palm trees available.
The Modern Soft Yellow Banana Evolved From The Cooking Banana As The Number One Fruit In The World
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2007-05-02 |
Word Count: 1431 |
Page Views: 8156
| Votes: 15 |
Rating: 3.40
The early Spanish explorers introduced banana plants into America
from Spain as a hardcore, large cooking banana, known as a
Plantain banana. The amazing yellow fresh eating banana, that we
know today sold by supermarkets, resulted from a mutation from
the hardcore tissues of the parent plantain banana plant, that
was then growing in Jamaica.
Windmill Palm Trees, Tropical Accent Plants, Cold Hardy For Northern United States And Canada
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2007-04-26 |
Word Count: 853 |
Page Views: 7518
| Votes: 11 |
Rating: 2.36
The Cold Hardy Windmill Fan Palm tree originated on the island of
Chusan off the east coast of China, and the Windmill palm tree is
often called the Chinese or Chusan Fan Palm. The Windmill Palm
tree was named in Latin, Trachycarpus fortunei, after Robert
Fortune, and after 158 years, in the year 2007, these Windmill
Fan Palm trees are still growing gracefully as a distinguished,
exotic, rare tree at Kew Gardens, a palm of noble bearing.
The Ancient Crinum Lily Inhabiting The Island Of St. Simon, And Sea Island, Ga.
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2007-03-20 |
Word Count: 856 |
Page Views: 4598
| Votes: 10 |
Rating: 2.80
William Bartram, a notable, early American botanist, extensively
explored the Island of St. Simons in Georgia; describing vividly
the landscape, animals and plants in the area, along with his
personal encounters with islanders, and in most cases, their
generous offers of food, shelter and conversation and hospitality
to him in March of the year 1774.
The History Of Almond Tree, Prunus Dulcis
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2007-03-06 |
Word Count: 694 |
Page Views: 5330
| Votes: 6 |
Rating: 1.50
The ancient travelers and traders, who circulated back and forth
over the Silk Road route between Greece and Turkey, used almonds
in their commercial trading, in exchange for other expensive and
desirable goods.
History Of Mulberry Trees, 'Morus Alba,' 'Morus Rubrum,' And 'Morus Nigra'
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2007-02-23 |
Word Count: 870 |
Page Views: 7821
| Votes: 17 |
Rating: 2.35
Mulberry trees were well known in the ancient civilizations of
the world. They were famous fruit trees, because of the delicious
berry fruits that were abundantly produced by fast growing
trees-loaded with huge green leaves that were eaten by livestock,
along with the berries, and the leaves were used in the Orient to
fatten silkworms for the silk trade.
The History And Evolution Of Banana Hybrids
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2007-02-05 |
Word Count: 794 |
Page Views: 6058
| Votes: 12 |
Rating: 2.58
Bananas are the world's favorite fruit and many nations depend
on banana trees to supply its citizens with this delicious food
product to save them from famines. Bananas are available on
markets year round and are rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber,
containing only small hollow seed that are infertile. Ornamental
bananas, 'Musa ensete' and 'Musa nana' are inedible but in
high demand for landscaping.
Rare Flowering Trees That Light Up Your Garden Landscape
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2007-01-24 |
Word Count: 1231 |
Page Views: 6256
| Votes: 11 |
Rating: 2.27
Flowering apricot trees offer spectacular flowering blooms
earlier than any other flowering tree, sometimes blooming as
early as January. This early flowering can result in cold weather
damage in some areas of the United States.
History Of Peach Trees, Prunus Persica
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2007-01-17 |
Word Count: 1481 |
Page Views: 6426
| Votes: 11 |
Rating: 2.27
Peach trees, Prunus persica, are originally believed to have come
from China to the Mideast through the trade routes known to
extend to Turkey and Iran (Persia). The peach seeds could be used
to plant and grow trees throughout North Africa and Europe and
finally were introduced to America in the mid 1500's. The first
appearance of peaches in China may date back to 2000 BC.
History Of Blueberry Plants
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2007-01-08 |
Word Count: 1120 |
Page Views: 7536
| Votes: 21 |
Rating: 2.67
Very few historical records exist on ancient blueberry culture in
the Greek and Roman empires. Those cultures did use parts of the
blueberry plants and fruit to eat or to treat ailments.
All of Author's Articles on this site: Patrick Malcolm Articles
Most Recent "Nature And Pets" Articles
How Safe Is Your Pet's Flea and Tick Killer?
Written by: Gary Le Mon |
Distributed: 2011-07-20 |
Word Count: 714 |
Page Views: 4766
| Votes: 5 |
Rating: 1.20
How did your favorite flea and tick control product do in
EPA laboratory testing for new product registration? All
seven popular treatments I uncovered revealed shocking
adverse health effects on dogs and cats.
The Importance of Good Cat Health
Written by: Riley Santoso |
Distributed: 2009-09-01 |
Word Count: 476 |
Page Views: 3822
| Votes: 3 |
Rating: 1.00
Anyone that has ever owned a cat for any extended period of
time realizes the importance of being actively involved in
promoting good feline health. Even newcomers learn quickly
that there is a great deal of information to learn when it
comes to taking care of a cat. There are a number of ways in
which you can be prepared to take good care of your cat to
try to avoid any problems down the road.
What Makes a Siamese Cat So Different?
Written by: Susan Miller |
Distributed: 2008-10-09 |
Word Count: 1082 |
Page Views: 7672
| Votes: 20 |
Rating: 2.75
The traditional Siamese cat or Apple Head as sometimes recognized
is one of the oldest breeds of domestic cats. It still looks to
this day as the breed originally would have looked when it was
first imported from Siam. The breed is still a lovely muscular
athletic looking cat with a beautiful round head and striking
blue eyes.
Origin and Evolution of Arcon Method for Search and Rescue Dogs
Written by: Jaime Parejo Garcia |
Distributed: 2008-09-26 |
Word Count: 1845 |
Page Views: 4958
| Votes: 9 |
Rating: 3.00
In this article we will discuss the origin and evolution of arcon
method for search and rescue dogs.
Phases in the Training Process Arcon Method
Written by: Jaime Parejo Garcia |
Distributed: 2008-09-24 |
Word Count: 3215 |
Page Views: 4117
| Votes: 14 |
Rating: 2.64
In this article we will discuss the phases in the training
process arcon method.
Arcon Method Techniques
Written by: Jaime Parejo Garcia |
Distributed: 2008-09-18 |
Word Count: 1546 |
Page Views: 4028
| Votes: 13 |
Rating: 3.00
The Arcon Techniques are strictly faithful to the rational
demands of the conventional scientific technique and have been
repeatedly subject to the corresponding process of
experimentation and verification.
Introduction to the Arcon Method
Written by: Jaime Parejo Garcia |
Distributed: 2008-09-16 |
Word Count: 2372 |
Page Views: 5024
| Votes: 8 |
Rating: 2.63
Method Canine Catastrophe Rescue consists of using dogs to find
people that have been accidentally buried for whatever reason
(explosions, earthquakes, structural flaws, hurricanes,
tornadoes, avalanches, landslides, etc.).
Birds Go Nuts for Peanut Butter
Written by: Andy Perrin |
Distributed: 2008-06-26 |
Word Count: 329 |
Page Views: 4196
| Votes: 7 |
Rating: 1.57
Part of the attraction at Leeds Castle is the Aviary. The Hon.
Olive, Lady Baillie had a passion for birds and started to
introduce her collection of exotic birds back in 1957. In 1988
the present aviary with its 48 irregularly shaped hexagon flights
was opened and they have had many notable successes breeding rare
birds. The Aviary is run by Laura Gardner (Curator of Birds) and
her team.
The Glory Of Hilary Duff...Morning Glory, That Is!
Written by: Wesley Berry, AAF |
Distributed: 2008-05-07 |
Word Count: 422 |
Page Views: 4905
| Votes: 12 |
Rating: 2.58
Hilary Duff, born September 28, 1987, with her acting talent,
beautiful face, lovely voice, and trendy sense of style is indeed
a young lady with a glorious career still ahead of her. Could all
of Ms. Duff's glorious talents be attributed to the fact that she
was born in the month of the morning glory?
Sending Birthday Flowers To Pamela Anderson
Written by: Wesley Berry, AAF |
Distributed: 2008-04-16 |
Word Count: 499 |
Page Views: 4506
| Votes: 18 |
Rating: 2.33
Each month of the year has a birth flower associated with it.
Some even have several different types of flowers. New parents
often look up the flower associated with their newborn and may
even record the flower next to the birthstone in the child's
baby book.
Most Viewed "Nature And Pets" Articles
Race To The Perfect Gift With Nascar Themed Flowers
Written by: Wesley Berry, AAF |
Distributed: 2007-12-31 |
Word Count: 414 |
Page Views: 10057
| Votes: 9 |
Rating: 1.22
You need to send a really outstanding gift to someone special in
your life. You rack your brain and try to come up with something
that will say what you're feeling, strike a personal chord, and
be a fun gift that the recipient will really enjoy. Your special
someone's passion is Nascar racing, but a shirt, hat, or other
memorabilia alone seems so overdone. What can you do? Try
presenting that Nascar gift with a new and exciting twist-send
it with flowers.
What Makes a Siamese Cat So Different?
Written by: Susan Miller |
Distributed: 2008-10-09 |
Word Count: 1082 |
Page Views: 7672
| Votes: 20 |
Rating: 2.75
The traditional Siamese cat or Apple Head as sometimes recognized
is one of the oldest breeds of domestic cats. It still looks to
this day as the breed originally would have looked when it was
first imported from Siam. The breed is still a lovely muscular
athletic looking cat with a beautiful round head and striking
blue eyes.
Blue Pearls of the New Zealand Paua
Written by: Yvonne Mal |
Distributed: 2007-01-10 |
Word Count: 424 |
Page Views: 7652
| Votes: 7 |
Rating: 2.14
The Blackfoot Paua (Abalone: haliotis iris), one of eight mollusk
variety found around the Pacific Rim, is indigenous to New
Zealand coastal waters. Read on to learn more about pearls.
History Of Blueberry Plants
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2007-01-08 |
Word Count: 1120 |
Page Views: 7536
| Votes: 21 |
Rating: 2.67
Very few historical records exist on ancient blueberry culture in
the Greek and Roman empires. Those cultures did use parts of the
blueberry plants and fruit to eat or to treat ailments.
History of Walnuts
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2006-08-18 |
Word Count: 1111 |
Page Views: 7446
| Votes: 16 |
Rating: 2.44
Ever wanted to know the history of the good old Walnut? Learn of
its history and other facts in this article.
Canna Lily Sales Face a Chaotic Future
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2006-09-14 |
Word Count: 970 |
Page Views: 7293
| Votes: 18 |
Rating: 2.00
Many agricultural plants that are reproduced by vegetative
division face a mysterious problem that results in a decline in
the clone vigor, and most farmers and nurserymen claim that the
plant crop has "run out." A number of factors adversely
affect the plant clone to the point that it becomes unproductive
and uneconomical to continue growing.
The Rose: Christina Aguilera's Favorite Flower?
Written by: Wesley Berry, AAF |
Distributed: 2008-01-17 |
Word Count: 497 |
Page Views: 7041
| Votes: 13 |
Rating: 1.85
The rose has long been a favorite flower of many women, but is it
the favorite flower of Christina Aguilera? The truth is, I
don't know, but judging by the elaborate floral chuppah of
brightly colored orange, yellow, and burgundy roses
conspicuously present at her wedding and the thick bouquets of
hot pink roses and rose petals surrounding her wedding cake,
it's a sure bet the rose ranks high on Aguilera's list of
favorite flowers.
What's in the Name – Tahitian Pearls
Written by: Yvonne Mal |
Distributed: 2007-01-16 |
Word Count: 1035 |
Page Views: 6672
| Votes: 9 |
Rating: 2.11
With the exception of Poe Konini, Poe Rava and Titian, the Cook
Islands Black Pearls, Black-lipped Pearls, Black Pearls, Black
South Sea Pearls, Black Tahitian Pearls, Grey Pearls, Tahitian
Black Pearls, Tahitian Cultured Pearls and Tahitian Pearls are
all common names used interchangeably when referring to pearls
cultured in the black-lipped pearl oyster (pinctada
margaritifera) or Te Ufi.
Ancient Explorers Discovered Unique Native Nut Trees Growing In America
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2006-10-19 |
Word Count: 1404 |
Page Views: 6664
| Votes: 16 |
Rating: 2.31
History of American nut trees.
Cold Hardy Palm Trees for Northern Garden Planting
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2006-10-05 |
Word Count: 1255 |
Page Views: 6511
| Votes: 15 |
Rating: 2.13
Information about one of the very few palm trees that will grow
in northern states, including New York!
Highest Ranked "Nature And Pets" Articles
Discover a High In the Sky Holiday
Written by: Travel Alberta |
Distributed: 2006-12-16 |
Word Count: 751 |
Page Views: 4101
| Votes: 10 |
Rating: 3.20
The first time I saw the Northern Lights, I was leaning over the
steering wheel of a dusky purple 1977 Chevy Nova on a northern
highway near midnight, trying to roll down the driver's side
window to get a better fix on it during my holiday, even as my
passenger was shouting to be heard over the ghostly radio voices
fading in and out. Within seconds it multiplied and changed
colors, soaring over us like an exploding rainbow. Nature's
primal postcard, my holiday highlight delivered free.
Arcon Method Techniques
Written by: Jaime Parejo Garcia |
Distributed: 2008-09-18 |
Word Count: 1546 |
Page Views: 4028
| Votes: 13 |
Rating: 3.00
The Arcon Techniques are strictly faithful to the rational
demands of the conventional scientific technique and have been
repeatedly subject to the corresponding process of
experimentation and verification.
Origin and Evolution of Arcon Method for Search and Rescue Dogs
Written by: Jaime Parejo Garcia |
Distributed: 2008-09-26 |
Word Count: 1845 |
Page Views: 4958
| Votes: 9 |
Rating: 3.00
In this article we will discuss the origin and evolution of arcon
method for search and rescue dogs.
Making the Big Decision - Euthanasia
Written by: Gary Kurz |
Distributed: 2006-11-24 |
Word Count: 1358 |
Page Views: 4122
| Votes: 18 |
Rating: 2.94
Help for those feeling guilty about putting a pet to sleep.
Arabian Horses Are Widely Popular for Good Reason
Written by: Robb Fowler |
Distributed: 2008-02-21 |
Word Count: 710 |
Page Views: 5066
| Votes: 10 |
Rating: 2.90
Arabian horses have quickly taken their place as one of the most
popular breeds in North America. The endurance and lung capacity
of the Arabian horses make them a popular option for those who
enjoy spending a day out on a long ride.
What Makes a Siamese Cat So Different?
Written by: Susan Miller |
Distributed: 2008-10-09 |
Word Count: 1082 |
Page Views: 7672
| Votes: 20 |
Rating: 2.75
The traditional Siamese cat or Apple Head as sometimes recognized
is one of the oldest breeds of domestic cats. It still looks to
this day as the breed originally would have looked when it was
first imported from Siam. The breed is still a lovely muscular
athletic looking cat with a beautiful round head and striking
blue eyes.
History Of Blueberry Plants
Written by: Patrick Malcolm |
Distributed: 2007-01-08 |
Word Count: 1120 |
Page Views: 7536
| Votes: 21 |
Rating: 2.67
Very few historical records exist on ancient blueberry culture in
the Greek and Roman empires. Those cultures did use parts of the
blueberry plants and fruit to eat or to treat ailments.
Phases in the Training Process Arcon Method
Written by: Jaime Parejo Garcia |
Distributed: 2008-09-24 |
Word Count: 3215 |
Page Views: 4117
| Votes: 14 |
Rating: 2.64
In this article we will discuss the phases in the training
process arcon method.
Introduction to the Arcon Method
Written by: Jaime Parejo Garcia |
Distributed: 2008-09-16 |
Word Count: 2372 |
Page Views: 5024
| Votes: 8 |
Rating: 2.63
Method Canine Catastrophe Rescue consists of using dogs to find
people that have been accidentally buried for whatever reason
(explosions, earthquakes, structural flaws, hurricanes,
tornadoes, avalanches, landslides, etc.).
The Glory Of Hilary Duff...Morning Glory, That Is!
Written by: Wesley Berry, AAF |
Distributed: 2008-05-07 |
Word Count: 422 |
Page Views: 4905
| Votes: 12 |
Rating: 2.58
Hilary Duff, born September 28, 1987, with her acting talent,
beautiful face, lovely voice, and trendy sense of style is indeed
a young lady with a glorious career still ahead of her. Could all
of Ms. Duff's glorious talents be attributed to the fact that she
was born in the month of the morning glory?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Article Reprint Rights
|
This work is
licensed under a
Creative Commons
License
You are not required to show the creative commons license notice when you reprint this work.
|
|
Article Statistics
|
Word Count: 1210
Total Views: 8191
Article Rating: 2.14 of 5
Votes Cast: 21
More Articles By Author:
Articles On This Website
Last Distribution Date:
2006-08-24 12:00:00
Internal ID: #3437
|
|
|
Home