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Cellular Phone History
Copyright 2003, Debra Cohen
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The basic concept of cellular phones began in 1947 when researchers
looked at crude mobile (car) phones and realized that by using small
cells (range of service area) with frequency reuse could increase
the traffic capacity of mobile phones substantially, however, the
technology to do it was nonexistent.
Anything to do with broadcasting and sending a radio or television
message out over the airwaves comes under a Federal Communications
Committee (FCC) regulation that a cell phone is actually a type of
two-way radio. In 1947, AT&T proposed that the FCC allocate a large
number of radio spectrum frequencies so that wide-spread mobile
telephone service could become feasable and AT&T would have a
incentive to research the new technology. Because of the FCC
decision to limit the frequencies in 1947, only twenty three phone
conversations could occur simultaneously in the same service area -
not a market incentive for research.
The FCC reconsidered it's position in 1968, and stated "if the
technology to build a better mobile service works, we will increase
the frequencies allocation, freeing the airwaves for more mobile
phones." AT&T - Bell Labs proposed a cellular system to the FCC of
many small, low-powered broadcast towers, each covering a 'cell' a
few miles in radius, collectively covering a larger area. Each tower
would use only a few of the total frequencies allocated to the
system, and as cars moved across the area their calls would be
passed from tower to tower.
By 1977, AT&T Bell Labs constructed and operated a prototype
cellular system. A year later, public trials of the new system were
started in Chicago, IL with over 2000 trial customers. In 1979, the
first commercial cellular telephone system began operation in Tokyo.
In 1981, Motorola and American Radio telephone started a second U.S.
cellular radio-telephone system test in the Washington/Baltimore
area. Finally, by 1982, the slow moving FCC finally authorized
commercial cellular service for the USA. A year later, the first
American commercial for analog cellular service or AMPS (Advanced
Mobile Phone Service) was offered in Chicago, IL by Ameritech.
Despite the incredible demand, it took cellular phone service 37
years to become commercially available in the United States.
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This article was originally written: May, 2003
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The article on this page is Copyright © 2003, Debra Cohen
You are not required to show the creative commons license
notice when you reprint this work.
This work is licensed under a
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